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frullania image
Photo: John E. Braggins 		Family: Jubulaceae
 Genus: Frullania Raddi

Frullania: The appellation, Frullania, was first published by Giuseppe Raddi (1818) in honour of Leonardo Frullani of Florence, Italy, who was an important public functionary at the time (c.f Sim-Sim 1999).
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Synonyms: Amphijubula Schust., Schusterella Hattori, Sharp & Mizutani, Steerea Hattori & Kamimura

Status:
Endemic to New Zealand


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Description:
(1) plants usually with secondary pigmentation; (2) initial leaves of branches either trifid or bifid; and (3) spores with 'rosette-like' protrusions.


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Images:

frullania SEM, liverwort sem


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Identification/Recognition in field:

Interactive keys:
Frullania in New Zealand
Frullania in Australasia (under construction)
Frullania in North America (under construction)
Frullania worldwide (under construction)

Dichotomous keys:
Frullania in New Zealand
Frullania in Australasia (under construction)
Frullania in North America (under construction)
Frullania worldwide (under construction)


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Relationships:
Frullania truncata has very close affinities with two South American species from this subgenus, F. lobulata and F. microcaulis, but unlike these species, F. truncata has a large, distinct, rectangular stylus with an almost truncate apex that immediately differentiates it from either of these species. The dioicous state, the large size of the lobules in comparison to the lobe, and the sparingly branching pattern, also distinguish F. truncata from F. microcaulis. Frullania truncata may easily be confused or overlooked as a small form of the Australasian F. rostrata, but the latter can always be separated from F. truncata by the absence of the conspicuous projecting cell above the lobule mouth and the smaller triangular styli. Frullania truncata may also possibly be confused for another small species, F. subrostrata, but the latter is monoicous, has a distinctive furrow on the dorsal face of the perianth, and has toothed underleaves. This is one of a suite of taxa that appear to be very uniform or constant and lack any notable variability. The distinctive Chevalieri-type initial branching appendages may vary in terms of their frequency but the plants otherwise appear to be fairly uniform.


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Species List for Frullania:
New Zealand species, Worldwide species The number of Frullania species is second only to the Lejeuneaceae; Bonner (1965) attributed 1241 taxa to Frullania in Index Hepaticarum, and Engel (1990) includes 40 more new species. Yuzawa (1991) noted that Frullania is a large genus with over 1000 described species, but Schuster (1992) provided a conservative estimate, suggesting that no more than 350-375 "good" species may exist.

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See also Classification/Phylogeny



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Nomenclature:

The appellation, Frullania, was first published by Giuseppe Raddi (1818) in honour of Leonardo Frullani of Florence, Italy, who was an important public functionary at the time (c.f Sim-Sim 1999). Raddi (1818) originally included two species described by Linnaeus, Jungermannia tamarisci and J. dilatata, which he renamed Frullania major and F. minor.


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Geographic distribution:

Worldwide


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Habitat:




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Chemistry:

Chemically, Frullania species (i.e., subfam. Frullanoideae) in general, produce significant amounts of sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenoids, and bibenzyl derivatives, which are considered important chemosystematic markers of the group (Asakawa et al., 1981a; Asakawa et al. 1983; Asakawa et al. 1987a; Kraut et al. 1994).





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Links to Other Sites:




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References:



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Last update: Feb 1, 2004